{"id":532,"date":"2025-12-16T15:09:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T21:09:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/revistaece.dataware.cloud\/?p=532"},"modified":"2025-12-16T15:09:32","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T21:09:32","slug":"solucion-fisiologica-la-formula-que-salva-vidas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistaece.dataware.cloud\/?p=532","title":{"rendered":"Soluci\u00f3n Fisiol\u00f3gica: La F\u00f3rmula Que Salva Vidas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1<\/sup>Dafne L.  Z\u00e1rate-Col\u00edn<\/strong>, 2<\/sup>Mario Valle-S\u00e1nchez<\/strong>,3<\/sup>Erick Cuevas-Ya\u00f1ez<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64121\/rece.2026v4.zvc026<\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
PDF<\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

La soluci\u00f3n fisiol\u00f3gica recibe este nombre ya que simula la concentraci\u00f3n de los l\u00edquidos corporales, teniendo una concentraci\u00f3n de 0.9% de cloruro de sodio. Hoy en d\u00eda contar con este tratamiento es vital para limpiar heridas, ojos y fosas nasales, hidratar y diluir medicamentos sin alterar su funci\u00f3n ni el equilibrio del cuerpo.(Liu & Lu, 2023) Aunque parezca una formulaci\u00f3n simple, mezclar agua y sal no basta, esta debe ser est\u00e9ril y tener la concentraci\u00f3n exacta. Un mal procedimiento para la realizaci\u00f3n de esta soluci\u00f3n puede causar graves da\u00f1os, como deshidrataci\u00f3n celular o inflamaci\u00f3n cerebral. Su f\u00f3rmula ha evolucionado, pero sigue siendo esencial y se investiga para mejorarla cada vez m\u00e1s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El suero fisiol\u00f3gico es una soluci\u00f3n salina con una concentraci\u00f3n similar a la que presentan los l\u00edquidos corporales, como la sangre o el fluido que rodea las c\u00e9lulas. Ya que esta no altera el balance de agua y sales dentro de las c\u00e9lulas cuando entra en contacto con ellas, tiene muchas aplicaciones en la vida diaria, como: la restauraci\u00f3n de l\u00edquidos y electrolitos causado por la p\u00e9rdida de l\u00edquidos y sales en v\u00f3mitos, excesiva sudoraci\u00f3n o alg\u00fan episodio diarreico prolongado, limpieza de heridas y quemaduras, adem\u00e1s de ser ideal su uso para limpiar cortes, raspaduras o quemaduras, eliminando los g\u00e9rmenes, evitando la irritaci\u00f3n de tejidos y ayudando a obtener una cicatrizaci\u00f3n eficaz. (Chang & Holcomb, 2016)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puede ser empleado en el cuidado ocular (enjuagues y cuidado de ojos irritados) y lavados nasales en casos de congesti\u00f3n nasal por resfriados o alergias; nebulizaciones, el cual ayuda a tener una distribuci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida de los medicamentos a los pulmones; suministro y diluci\u00f3n de sustancias, en zonas hospitalarias se utiliza para diluir f\u00e1rmacos que se administran v\u00eda parental o intravenosa, ya que este no reacciona con los medicamentos ni altera su efecto dentro del organismo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La historia del suero fisiol\u00f3gico o soluci\u00f3n salina es un c\u00famulo de ensayos y errores que data del a\u00f1o de 1826, mientras Europa era invadida por el c\u00f3lera. En 1831, William Brooke O\u2019Shaughnessy propuso un m\u00e9todo para tratar esta enfermedad con soluciones de sales y ox\u00edgeno, esto despu\u00e9s de que analiz\u00f3 la sangre de los pacientes afectados por c\u00f3lera. Del mismo modo, realiz\u00f3 pruebas en perros, inyect\u00e1ndoles agua tibia con una variedad de sales en sus venas. Posteriormente, en 1832 Thomas Latta replic\u00f3 los experimentos de O\u2019Shaughnessy en humanos, observando casos con resultados tr\u00e1gicos, atribuyendo esto a la mala aplicaci\u00f3n de la soluci\u00f3n. Luego de los hallazgos, Thomas alter\u00f3 la soluci\u00f3n salina original, entendiendo que su objetivo era obtener una soluci\u00f3n con la concentraci\u00f3n de sales similar a la sangre, sin embargo, el \u00e9xito de esta soluci\u00f3n fue moderada, dado que no eran est\u00e9riles. M\u00e1s de cincuenta a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, en 1896, Hamburger prepar\u00f3 la soluci\u00f3n salina 0.9% (9 g de cloruro de sodio por litro de agua), que conocemos actualmente, mientras investigaba la hem\u00f3lisis (ruptura) de los gl\u00f3bulos rojos; la Figura 1<\/strong> ejemplifica el uso de soluci\u00f3n salina para la observaci\u00f3n de gl\u00f3bulos rojos.(Awad et al., 2008; Masson, 1971)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uno de los aspectos m\u00e1s relevantes del suero fisiol\u00f3gico es que es isot\u00f3nico (tiene la misma concentraci\u00f3n de sales que los fluidos corporales), por lo que puede emplearse hasta para preparaciones intravenosas. No obstante, su administraci\u00f3n en grandes vol\u00famenes puede modificar el equilibrio \u00e1cido-base del organismo y provocar una condici\u00f3n conocida como acidosis metab\u00f3lica hiperclor\u00e9mica (alto nivel de cloruro en la sangre), que se traduce en la afectaci\u00f3n de la capacidad de los ri\u00f1ones para eliminar la acidez de la sangre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por lo regular, el suero fisiol\u00f3gico es apto para la mayor\u00eda de las personas, sin causar alergias o irritaciones, en la Figura 2 <\/strong>se ejemplifican los principales usos de soluci\u00f3n salina con fines m\u00e9dicos. Sin embargo, el uso de este recurso puede ser contraproducente para personas con hipersensibilidad a los componentes del suero, pacientes o con hipernatremia (alteraci\u00f3n de electrolitos con alto nivel de sodio), durante el embarazo y pacientes con hipertensi\u00f3n no controlada. Una parte importante por rescatar de la f\u00e1cil receta para formar esta soluci\u00f3n es que, aunque suena sencillo mezclar agua con sal, el suero debe de ser est\u00e9ril para evitar alguna infecci\u00f3n, preparar esta soluci\u00f3n de manera casera no garantizar\u00eda la calidad, esterilidad y la concentraci\u00f3n adecuada, por ello, es importante adquirir este tipo de productos en establecimientos pertinentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En a\u00f1os recientes, se ha investigado sobre el da\u00f1o que puede causar el suero fisiol\u00f3gico, en 2012 mediante un ensayo cl\u00ednico se descubri\u00f3 que el uso de este tratamiento podr\u00eda aumentar la tasa de incidencia de pacientes con lesi\u00f3n renal aguda. Adem\u00e1s, se observ\u00f3 que una soluci\u00f3n salina con bicarbonato s\u00f3dico, cloruro de potasio y cloruro de calcio, puede conservar mejor el equilibrio \u00e1cido-base y la estabilidad hemodin\u00e1mica en choque (shock) hemorr\u00e1gico y minimizar complicaciones que se puedan presentar, aunque no funciona en la diarrea aguda o deshidrataci\u00f3n.(George  Jr., 2005) A lo largo de la historia, esta soluci\u00f3n salina ha salvado muchas vidas, aunque puede ser mejorado y se sigue estudiando cu\u00e1l de las soluciones es la \u00f3ptima y eficaz, o bien, llegar a una nueva soluci\u00f3n apta para el sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Palabras clave: <\/strong>Soluci\u00f3n salina 0.9%, suero fisiol\u00f3gico, cloruro de sodio, electrolitos, intravenoso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autores<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup><\/strong>Dafne L.\u00a0 Z\u00e1rate-Col\u00edn:<\/strong> Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Centro Conjunto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Qu\u00edmica Sustentable. lizethcolin70@gmail.com<\/a>, https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0837-5226<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/sup><\/strong>Mario Valle-S\u00e1nchez:<\/strong> Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Centro Conjunto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Qu\u00edmica Sustentable. mvs9018@gmail.com<\/a>, https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7415-203X<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/sup><\/strong>Erick Cuevas-Ya\u00f1ez:<\/strong> Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Centro Conjunto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Qu\u00edmica Sustentable. ecuevasy@uaemex.mx<\/a>, https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9437-637X<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referencias<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Awad, S., Allison, S. P., & Lobo, D. N. (2008). The history of 0.9% saline. Clinical Nutrition<\/em>, 27<\/em>(2), 179\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.01.008<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chang, R., & Holcomb, J. B. (2016). Choice of Fluid Therapy in the Initial Management of Sepsis, Severe Sepsis, and Septic Shock. Shock<\/em>, 46<\/em>(1). https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/shockjournal\/fulltext\/2016\/07000\/choice_of_fluid_therapy_in_the_initial_management.3.aspx<\/p>\n\n\n\n

George  Jr., A. L. (2005). Inherited disorders of voltage-gated sodium channels. The Journal of Clinical Investigation<\/em>, 115<\/em>(8), 1990\u20131999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI25505<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liu,  Xinwen, & Lu,  Mengkai. (2023). Normal saline: Past, present, and future. Science Progress<\/em>, 106<\/em>(2), 00368504231168821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00368504231168821<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Masson, A. H. B. (1971). Latta-Pioneer in Saline Infussion. British Journal of Anaesthesia<\/em>, 43<\/em>(7), 681\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/43.7.681<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1Dafne L.  Z\u00e1rate-Col\u00edn, 2Mario Valle-S\u00e1nchez,3Erick Cuevas-Ya\u00f1ez La soluci\u00f3n fisiol\u00f3gica recibe este nombre ya que simula la concentraci\u00f3n de los l\u00edquidos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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