{"id":520,"date":"2025-12-16T14:57:20","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T20:57:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/revistaece.dataware.cloud\/?p=520"},"modified":"2025-12-16T14:57:20","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T20:57:20","slug":"los-microorganismos-de-mi-cuerpo-son-mi-organo-vital","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistaece.dataware.cloud\/?p=520","title":{"rendered":"Los microorganismos que viven en mi cuerpo son mi \u00f3rgano vital: importancia de la microbiota\u00a0intestinal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1<\/sup>Laura Victoria Garc\u00eda Malacara<\/strong>, 2<\/sup>Alejandra P\u00e9rez Nava<\/strong>, 3<\/sup>Bernardo A. Frontana Uribe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64121\/rece.2026v4.gpf023<\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
PDF<\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

El peso total de una persona corresponde a sus tejidos, \u00f3rganos y sistemas a los cuales se les debe sumar aproximadamente un kilogramo de microorganismos que se encuentran en el intestino, com\u00fanmente conocidos como \u201cmicrobiota intestinal\u201d.  Pero \u00bfqu\u00e9 es la microbiota intestinal? Se define como microbiota intestinal al conjunto de microorganismos que habitan el tracto del intestino humano, que se conforman por arqueas, bacterias, hongos, helmintos, entre otras. Esta diversidad de microorganismos juega un papel importante en mantener nuestra salud. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existe una hip\u00f3tesis definida por Rosenberg que habla de la relaci\u00f3n adaptativa y evolutiva entre el coral (Oculina patag\u00f3nica)<\/em> y su comunidad microbiana, considerando que se adaptan como un solo organismo, como un todo. En esta simbiosis, la microbiota brinda una resistencia a cualquier infecci\u00f3n o alteraci\u00f3n tanto biol\u00f3gica como de enfermedad en el ser vivo (agente hospedero). Esta hip\u00f3tesis se traslada a todos los seres vivos, incluido el ser humano y su microbiota. La teor\u00eda centra que la microbiota juega el papel m\u00e1s importante en nuestro cuerpo, ya que crea la resistencia frente a cualquier enfermedad o necesidad adaptativa del agente hospedero. La microbiota intestinal establece un equilibrio en funciones importantes como la respuesta inmune, la digesti\u00f3n y el desarrollo neurol\u00f3gico (Figura 1<\/strong>) (Peluzio et al., 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En el contexto de la respuesta inmune, desde el nacimiento, el sistema inmunol\u00f3gico aprende a reconocer y tolerar ant\u00edgenos externos. La microbiota ayuda a la producci\u00f3n de mucus intestinal, el cual es considerado la primera l\u00ednea de defensa contra las bacterias pat\u00f3genas, mientras beneficia a las bacterias comensales. Estas mismas compiten con pat\u00f3genos por nutrientes evitando su proliferaci\u00f3n y adhesi\u00f3n, creando un \u201cpacto de no agresi\u00f3n\u201d entre la microbiota y el organismo, mientras no exista una invasi\u00f3n patog\u00e9nica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Considerando el desarrollo neurol\u00f3gico, la relaci\u00f3n que tiene la microbiota intestinal en el funcionamiento de nuestro cerebro y su comportamiento se basa en una comunicaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de neurotransmisores provenientes del sistema inmune (citoquinas proinflamatorias), tambi\u00e9n del sistema nervioso perif\u00e9rico y del nervio vago (The Human Microbiome Project Consortium, 2020). Al mismo tiempo, el cerebro se comunica con el intestino por medio de hormonas como el cortisol. A estos sucesos de comunicaci\u00f3n se les conoce como \u201ceje cerebro-intestino-microbiota\u201d. De esta manera se reconoce que el equilibrio de la microbiota es fundamental para el buen funcionamiento de nuestro organismo. Existen factores que afectan el equilibrio, alteraci\u00f3n denominada disbiosis, y provocan enfermedades; los principales se resumen en la Figura 2<\/strong>. Estas corresponden a base inmune, como alergias o inflamaci\u00f3n intestinal; metab\u00f3licas, como la obesidad o la diabetes, y neurol\u00f3gicas y de comportamiento, como la ansiedad y la depresi\u00f3n (Wilson et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De esta manera se reconoce que el equilibrio de la microbiota es fundamental para el buen funcionamiento de nuestro organismo. Existen factores que afectan el equilibrio, alteraci\u00f3n denominada disbiosis, y provocan enfermedades; los principales se resumen en la Figura 2<\/strong>. Estas corresponden a base inmune, como alergias o inflamaci\u00f3n intestinal; metab\u00f3licas, como la obesidad o la diabetes, y neurol\u00f3gicas y de comportamiento, como la ansiedad y la depresi\u00f3n (Wilson et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Figura 2.<\/em><\/strong> Factores que alteran el equilibrio de la microbiota y principales problemas de salud asociados a la disbiosis, ilustraci\u00f3n propia.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La dieta es el factor m\u00e1s importante en la microbiotaintestinal, como individuos pertenecientes a sociedades industrializadas llegamos a tener diferentes tipos de dieta como omn\u00edvora, vegetariana o vegana las cuales reflejan bacterias t\u00edpicas metabolizadoras. En el caso de los veganos y vegetarianos predomina la bacteria metabolizadora de los polisac\u00e1ridos llamada prevotelas. En el caso de los individuos omn\u00edvoros predominan bacteroides y enterobacterias que normalmente se encuentran en la prote\u00edna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No es solo un tipo de alimento, sino tener una dieta balanceada (variedad, calidad y constancia) es lo que influye en la composici\u00f3n y estabilidad microbiana (Leeuwendaal, et al., 2022). Estudios indican que el tener cambios diet\u00e9ticos puede provocar alteraciones detectables en pocos d\u00edas en las poblaciones microbianas, o que demuestra la rapidez con la que la dieta puede influir en la microbiota (Figura 3<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Figura 3.<\/em><\/strong> Recomendaciones alimentarias para el cuidado de la microbiota intestinal, ilustraci\u00f3n propia.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Los alimentos fermentados pueden afectar la microbiota intestinal de una forma muy positiva y deben ser considerados un elemento importante en la dieta humana por sus microbios vivos (probi\u00f3ticos) (Sukmawati et al., 2021; Melini et al., 2023), como se resume en la Tabla 1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cuidar nuestra microbiota intestinal es, en realidad, cuidar de nosotros mismos. En cada uno de nosotros habita un peque\u00f1o universo de microorganismos que trabaja d\u00eda y noche para mantenernos saludables, digerir los alimentos, fortalecer nuestras defensas y hasta influir en nuestro estado de \u00e1nimo. Este ecosistema invisible nos recuerda que no estamos solos, que somos el resultado de una convivencia milenaria entre el ser humano y su microbiota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mantener ese equilibrio depende, en gran medida, de nuestras decisiones diarias: lo que comemos, c\u00f3mo vivimos y el respeto que tenemos hacia nuestro propio cuerpo. Una dieta variada, rica en frutas, verduras, legumbres y alimentos fermentados, puede marcar la diferencia entre un intestino en armon\u00eda y uno en conflicto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En definitiva, reconocer el valor de nuestra microbiota<\/a> es comprender que esos diminutos organismos no son simples acompa\u00f1antes, sino un \u00f3rgano vital que colabora activamente en nuestra salud y bienestar. Somos, en esencia, una alianza viva entre el cuerpo y sus microorganismos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Palabras clave:<\/strong> microbiota, salud intestinal, dieta saludable<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autores<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup><\/strong>Laura Victoria Garc\u00eda Malacara:<\/strong> Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterey, Av. Eduardo Monroy C\u00e1rdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, 50110 Toluca de Lerdo, M\u00e9x. A01769593@tec.mx<\/a>, https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5729-1304<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/sup><\/strong>Alejandra P\u00e9rez Nava:<\/strong> Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico. alejandra.perez@iquimica.unam.mx<\/a>, https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4285-5763<\/a>    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/sup><\/strong>Bernardo A. Frontana Uribe:<\/strong> Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico. bafrontu@unam.mx<\/a>, https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3796-5933<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referencias<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dwivedi, S., Chauhan, R., Shukla, S., Chauhan, R., & Prasad, R. (2024). Fermented foods, their microbiome and its potential in boosting gut health<\/em>. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11, 10886436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.10886436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leeuwendaal, N. K., Stanton, C., O\u2019toole, P. W., & Beresford, T. P. (2022). Fermented foods, health and the gut microbiome. Nutrients<\/em>, 14<\/em>(7), 1527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14071527<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Melini, F., Melini, V., Luziatelli, F., & Ruzzi, M. (2023). Fermented Foods: Their Health-Promoting Components and the Potential Impact on Gut Microbiota<\/em>. Fermentation, 9(2), 118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fermentation9020118<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peluzio, M. do C. G., Dias, M. de M. e., Martinez, J. A., & Milagro, F. I. (2021). Kefir and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation: Implications in Human Health. In Frontiers in Nutrition<\/em> (Vol. 8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.638740<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sukmawati, E., Yuliana, N., & Salamah, A. (2021). Fermented Foods as Probiotics: A Review<\/em>. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, 9(3), 858\u2013867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12944\/CRNFSJ.9.3.20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Human Microbiome Project Consortium. (2020). Diet and the Human Gut Microbiome: An International Review<\/em>. Nutrients, 12(2), 511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12020511<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wilson, A. S., Koller, K. R., Ramaboli, M. C., Nesengani, L. T., Ocvirk, S., Chen, C., Flanagan, C. A., Sapp, F. R., Merritt, Z. T., Bhatti, F., Thomas, T. K., & O’Keefe, S. J. D. (2020). Diet and the Human Gut Microbiome: An International Review. Digestive diseases and sciences<\/em>, 65<\/em>(3), 723\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-020-06112-w<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1Laura Victoria Garc\u00eda Malacara, 2Alejandra P\u00e9rez Nava, 3Bernardo A. Frontana Uribe El peso total de una persona corresponde a sus 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